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CONSPICUOUS 

RATIONAL 

SERVICE 


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.CONSPICUOUS 
D^ATIONAL   SERVICE 


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compliments  of 

The  People's  Home  Journal 
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NEW    YORK 


Y  OF  CALIFORNIA 

VERTEBRATE  ZOOLOGY 


^A  U\[otable  ^Medal 


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LIB?.-'; 


o/  Rotable  'JftCerlal 

THE  GOLD  MEDAL  shown  on  the 
opposite  page  was  designed  lor  the 
Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 
as  an  emblem  of  special  distinction,  to  he 
awarded  for  conspicuous  service  in  the 
cause  of  wild  life  protection  in  America. 

Four  of  these  medals  were  awarded,  in 
1918,  to  subscribers  of  The  People's 
Home  Journal  for  remarkable  achieve- 
ment in  the  Journal's  great  national 
crusade  for  Bird  Sanctuaries,  conducted 
through  the  members  of  its  Green  Mead- 
ow Club,  a  home  organization  lor  the 
study  of  Natural  History  and  the  exten- 
sion of  Wild  Life  knowledge. 

The  founders  of  the  Permanent  Wild 
Life  Fund  include  many  of  the  most 
prominent  men  and  women  of  America. 
Their  names  are  given  on  the  following 
page. 

The  Trustees  of  the  Fund  are: 
Dr.  William  T.  Hornaday 

Managing  Dr 

Clark  Williams 

.7  tociate  Trustee 

Edward  Seymour 

A      tat    Trustee 


The  Founders  of  the 
Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 


Mrs.  Russell  Sage 

George  Eastman 

Mrs.  Frederick  Ferris  Thompson 

Henry  Ford 

William  P.  Clyde 

John  D.  Archbold 

Alexander  Smith  Cochran 

William  H.  Nichols 

Andrew  Carnegie 

George  F.  Baker 

George  D.  Pratt 

Defender  of  Wild  Life 

Miss  Heloise  Meyer 

Edward  S.  Harkness 

Max  C.  Fleischmann 

Mrs.  J.  S.  Kennedy 

Emerson  McMillin 

Frederick  G.  Bourne 

Mortimer  L.  Schiff 

Samuel  Thorne 

Anthony  R.  Kuser 

John  Dry  den  Kuser 

Frederic  C.  Walcott 

Frederick  F.  Brewster 

Mrs.  William  H.  Bliss 

Mrs.  R.  T.  Auchmuty 

Howard  Melville  Hanna 

Edmund  C.  Converse 

"  In  Memorium  " 

Watson  B.  Dickerman 


New  York 

Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Canandaigua,  New  York 

Detroit,  Michigan 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Lenox,  Massachusetts 

New  York 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

New  York 

Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

Bernardsville,  N.  J. 

New  York 

New  Haven,  Conn. 

New  York 

New  York 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

New  York 

Boston,  Massachusetts 

Mamaroneck,  New  York 


Some  Prominent  -JMedal  Winners 

Mrs.  Russell  Sage,  3\(ew  York  Qity 

received  the  first  medal  awarded  by  the  Fund  "  in  recognition 
of  her  devoted  work  during  ten  years  for  the  protection  and  in- 
crease of  the  birds  of  America  and  the  wild  life  of  the  contin- 
ent at  large."  During  her  lifetime,  Mrs.  Sage  was  an  ardent  and 
conspicuous  worker  for  the  preservation  of  wild  life  in  our 
country.  Through  her  efforts  and  influence  many  legislative 
reforms  were  effected  and  the  American  people  were  better 
educated  to  the  value  and  appreciation  of  wild  life. 

Mr.  Aldo  Leopold,  United  States  Forest  Service, 
3\(ew  zJWexico 

was  the  second  recipient  of  the  distinguished  medal.  His  active 
and  helpful  work  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  in  forming  or- 
ganizations of  sportsmen  for  the  protection  and  increase  of  wild 
life  in  these  States,  and  in  furthering  the  national  game-sanc- 
tuary movement  and  the  migrating-bird  treaty  with  Canada  was 
a  service  of  the  highest  importance. 

Dr.T.  C.  Stephens,  -JsUrningside  C°Hege>  Si°ux  O0'>  I°wa 
was  awarded  the  medal  in  191  7  for  valuable  services  in  restoring 
to  Iowa  the  quail  and  pinnated  grouse,  and  his  leadership  in  re- 
deeming the  good  name  of  the  State  through  the  enactment  of 
humane  bird-protective  laws. 

Drew  W.  Standrod,  ]K.,cPocatello,  Idaho 

received  the  fourth  medal  for  distinguished  legislative  work  in 
behalf  of  the  sage  grouse  of  Idaho,  which  resulted  in  establish- 
ing a  long  close  season  for  those  valuable  birds.  Mr.  Standrod's 
influence  and  standing  in  his  State  have  been  for  years  devoted 
unsparingly  to  the  cause  of  wild  lite. 


HERBERT  C.    HOOVER 


DR.   WILLIAM   T.    HORNADAY 


THORNTON   W.    BURGESS 


//  rell-known  Authorities 
Commend  the  Journal's  Achievement 

Mr.  HerbertC.  Hoover,  National  Food  Adminis- 
trator, in  a  personal  letter  to  the  Journal's  editor,  said: 

"I  have  noted  with  much  satisfaction  the  good  work  your 
Journal  is  doing  for  the  protection  and  encouragement  of 
insectivorous  and  migratory  birds.  //  should  bring  about  impor- 
tant results  for  the  welfare  of  the  entire  country  in  making 
the  people  realize  how  closely  related  to  the  whole  question  of  food 
conservation   is   the   matter  of  bird  protection." 

Dr.  William  T.  Hornaday,  Director  of  the  New- 
York  Zoological  Park  and  Managing  Director  oi 
Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection  Fund,  writing  to 
the  editor  of  the  Journal,  said: 

"I  am  amazed  and  delighted  at  the  success  of  your  campaign  for 
Bird  Sanctuaries.  The  work  that  has  been  accomplished  is  positively 
thrilling  and  the  results  achieved  far  surpass  my  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations. In  this  brief  note  it  is  impossible  to  speak  adequately 
of  the  splendid  achievement  of  The  People's  Home  Jour- 
nal. The  figures  will  appeal  to  the  dullest  or  most  envious 
mind." 

Mr.  Thornton  W.  Burgess,  nature  lover  and 
author  of  the  Green  Meadow  Club  stories,  has 
been  a  constant  and  indefatigable  friend  of  Bird 
Sanctuaries;  his  assistance  is  hereby  gratefully 
acknowledged.  Writing  of  the  results  of  the 
Journal's  efforts  he  said: 

"I  am  not  only  pleased  but  astonished  at  the  remarkable  success 
of  the  campaign  and  the  far-reaching  influence  of  your  efforts. 
It  is  truly  a  showing  of  which  we  can  all  be  proud.'' 


Hon'  the  Bird  Sanctuary  Crusade 

was  Inaugurated  and  Promoted  by 

The  People's  Home  Journal 

\-  LONG  AGO  as  1913,  The  People's  Home 
±±  Journal  inaugurated,  through  its  editorial 
column-,  the  movement  known  as  its  "Little  Gar- 
dens" Campaign.  In  official  recognition  of  its  work 
a-  a  pioneer  in  this  held,  United  States  Food  Com- 
missioner Herbert  C.  Hoover,  in  September,  191  7, 
addressed  a  personal  letter  to  the  editor  of  the 
Journal,   commending  its  vauable  work. 

Immediately  after  the  outbreak  of  the  World 
W  ar,  in  1  9  14,  the  Journal,  foreseeing  a  scarcity  of 
food  in  Europe,  inten-iried  its  efforts  in  connection 
with  "Little  Gardens,"  emphasizing  the  growing 
necessity  for  cultivating  every  spare  loot  of  ground. 
On  America's  entrv  into  the  war,  the  Journal's 
"Little  Gardens"  became  merged  with  the  national 
"W  ar  Gardens"  crusade,  an  achievement  in  patri- 
otism of  which  America  may  justly  be  proud. 
I  rom  our  "Little  Gardens"  movement  emanated 
ccond  enterprise,  initiated  by  the  Journal  which 
later  crystallized  into  a  campaign  for  the  conserva- 
tion of  the  insectivorous  birds  of  America.  The 
f  '.:..;.  Bird  Sanctuary  Crusade  was  instantly 
recognized  by  the  Pood  Administration  as  ol  equal 
importance  with,  and  a  corollary   to,  the   planting 


<  A  "Little  (  rardens."  Without  adequate  bird  defense, 

how   could   the   nation's  increased  crops  he   made 
-ate  tor  a  hurujrv  world? 

D     - 

The  People's  Home  Journal's  appeal  lor  Bird 
Sanctuaries  was  made  nation-wide  through  the 
members  ot  the  Journal's  dreen  Meadow  Club, 
in  the  various  States,  and  capturing   the   sympathy 

and  imagination  ot  a  nation  of  practical  idealist-, 
quickly  spread  the  length  and  breadth  of  America. 
The  boys  and  girl-  of  the  Green  Meadow  Club  are 
daily  kindling  new  enthusiaMn  tor  Bird  Sanctuaries. 
"A  thought,"  says  a  brilliant  writer,  "can  make 
us  hotter  than  a  lire."  This  new  thought,  "How 
can  we  save  our  birds :"  is  kindling  a  lire  in  the 
hearts  ot  the  American  people  which  needs  only 
a  little  tanning  to  develop  into  a  great  patriotic 
riame  tor  all  the  world  to  see. 


GREEN  MEADOW 

CLUB 
BIRD  SANCTUARY 

Hunting  on  these 
premises  forbidden 
under  penalty  of  law. 
Any  person  molesting 
birds  or  nests  on  this 
property  will  be  prosecuted. 

BIRDS  ARE  OUR 
BEST  FRIENDS 


AS  A  RESULT  OF  THE  JOURNAL  S  WORK,  THIS  SANCTUARY 
NOTICE  IS  NOW  POSTED  ON  OVER  ONE  MILLION  ACRES  OF 
LAND  IN  FORTY->I\   sTATE>    OF  THE  UNION  AND  IN  CANADA. 


Impressive  Facts 

ACCORDING  to  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
ii  culture  statistics,  the  annual  loss  to  the  cotton 
crop  of  the  United  States  through  insects  comes 
close  to  $60,000,000.  Grasshoppers  and  other  pests 
destroy  yearly  $53,000,000  worth  of 
hay  and  Si  20,000,000  worth  of  cereal 
grains.  The  damage  to  growing  fruits  and 
vegetables  runs  into  hundreds  of  millions  of 
dollars  annually. 

Whenever  a  vegetable  raiser  or  fruit 
grower  starts  to  compute  the  costs  of  his 
crops,  he  counts  on  25  per  cent,  of  his 
produces  being  eaten  or  impaired  by  the  insects  that 
forage  on  his  property.  All  this  frightful  loss  takes 
place  in  spite  of  the  millions  of  dollars  people  spend 
yearly  for  insecticides  with  which  they  frantically 
trv  to  get  rid  of  these  enemies.  Think  of  feeding 
nearly  53,000,000  worth  of  good  food  every  day  to 
mere  insects  —  which  is  what  the  government  fig- 
ures mean  —  when  Polish  people  are  perishing  of 
hunger  and  Armenian  babies  have  all  but  died  oft 
for  lack  of  food!  Think  of  shooting  or  wounding 
a  bird  which  at  the  very  moment  of  its  death  may 
have  its  little  inside  crammed  with  bugs  and  larvae 
and  noxious  insects  that  were  preparing  to  advance 
upon  our  garden  beds ! 

"The  chickadee,"  so  the  government  tells  us,  "is 


10 


one  of  the  faithful  birds  who  do  not  begin  spending 
their  winters  in  Florida  at  the  first  touch  of  frost. 
They  are  tremendously  industrious,  one  painstaking 
naturalist  finding  that  four  of  them  had  eaten  105 
female  cankerworm  moths  in  a  few  minutes." 

Me    examined   these  moths    with    tweezers    and 
microscope,   and    discovered    that   each   con- 
tained an  average  of  185   eggs.    A   total  of 
nearly  20,000  cankerworm  moth  eggs  de- 
stroyed bv  four  birds  in  less  time  than  it 
takes  to  walk  down  your  garden  path  ! 
And  what  is  true  of  the  chickadee  is 
true  in  varying  degrees  of  the  hundreds  of 
bird  species  that  call  for  human  sympathy 
and  protection.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  in 
many   states  in   the  Union,  strict   laws   to   protect 
insect-eating  birds  have  been  enacted  by  the  legis- 
latures; and  it  is  beginning  to  be  seen  that  great  edu- 
cational campaigns  like  that  of  The  People's  Home 
Journal  are  needed  to  awaken  popular  thought  to 
conserve  the  wild  bird  life  of  America  in  the  interests 
of  economic  food  production. 

Few  persons  realize  how  much  insect  food  is 
daily  consumed  by  birds.  In  the  work  of  the 
BioWical  Survev  at  Washington,  the  stomachs  of 
many  birds  have  been  found  to  be  so  packed  with 
insects  that  the  pile  when  released  was  much 
larger  than  the  size  of  the  bird's  stomach. 


1 1 


Why  Bird  Sanctuaries  Are 

a  Rational  V\[eed 

By  Zoe  Beckley 

Old  MAN  JONES  was  a  farmer,  a  supposedly  prac- 
tical, up-to-date  farmer,  intelligent  and  upright, 
but  like  many  other  farmers,  he  wasn't  quite  as  ad- 
vanced as  a  farmer  of  this  very  advanced  age  should 

be.  Among  other  things,  he  didn't 

know  quite  as  much  about  nature 

and  the  ways  and  values  of  nature's 

workers  as  he  should   have  known, 

otherwise  he  might  have  been  a  richer, 

happier  man. 

One  spring  he  planted  a  lot  of  wheat — excellent 

wheat.      In   due   time  it  came  up  —  tall   graceful 

stalks  with  bearded  ears  atop,  waving  gently  in  the 

sun  and  wind,  under  the  broad  blue  sky. 

One  fine  morning,  very  early,  before  Jones  was 
out,  a  rly  came  and  lit  upon  a  wheat  stalk.  He 
was  small  and  blackish,  with  red  lines  on  his 
back — a  mere  midge.  His  family  and  friends  fol- 
lowed almost  immediately,  settling  on  neighboring 
stalks  and  making  themselves  at  home.  Nobody 
noticed  them  except  a  pair  of  little  brown  birds 
who  looked  down  upon  the  midge  family  as  they 
rlew  swiftly  over  the  field.  The  Sunday  before, 
these  feathered  sentinels  had  made  the  mistake  of 
stopping  to  eat  a  cankerworm  and  a  caterpillar  on 


I  2 


a  tree  at  the  edge  of  the  meadow — and  narrowly 
escaped  being  killed  with  a  shotgun. 

Jones  had  some  farm  help,  it  seems,  who  con- 
tinued their  European  fondness  for  small  birds  as 
a  dainty  dish.  The  little  brown  birds  had  had  their 
lesson.  And  now  they  didn't  stop  to  bother  about 
the  Hessian  Fly.  Six  or  eight  days  later,  several 
million  larva1  were  hatched  and  passed  down  the 
wheat  stems.  They  settled  comfortably  at  the  second 
joint,  and  ate — and  ate — and  ate  ! 

Old  man  Jones,  inspecting  his 
wheat  one  afternoon,  paused,  stared, 
reached  over  to  pluck  a  spear,  frowned 
—  and  stared  some  more.  The  closer 
he  looked,  the  more  alarmed  he  became. 
Row  after  row  of  his  splendid  wheat  was  eaten 
through  and  broke  off  at  his  touch!  Frenziedly  he 
rushed  through  the  grain  fields  and  up  toward  his 
farmhouse.  As  he  approached  it,  his  telephone  rang. 

"  Hello — hello — this  is  Smith  at  the  next  farm  ! 
Say — there's  something  chewing  my  wheat — half 
of  one  of  my  best  fields  is  all  going  to  pot — " 

"  I  was  just  about  to  call  you  up!"  shouted  Bill 
Jones  into  the  transmitter.  "Same  with  my  crop! 
It's  Hessian  Flies,  that's  what  it  is — and  our  har- 
vest's ruined  if  we  can't  head  'em  off!  " 

Farmer  Smith  and  Farmer  Jones,  and  their  neigh- 
bor, Farmer  Robinson,  and  the  hired  men,  and  the 
local  Board  of  Trade  and  the  nearest   Chamber  of 


J3 


Commerce  held  hurried  conclaves  as  to  what  had 
best  he  done.  They  looked  up  the  Hessian  Fly. 
They  got  gallons  of  insecticides,  and  sprayed  and 
sprayed.  They  cut  down  and  burned  the  infected 
wheat  to  keep  the  pest  from  spreading.  And  at  last 
they  marketed  one-tenth  of  their  usual  crop. 

This  all  took  place  many  years  ago  in  the  States 
of  Indiana  and  Ohio,  when  the  fly  ravaged  the  fields 
like  a  consuming  fire.  Before  the  scourge  subsided, 
2,500,000  acres  of  the  finest  wheat  in  that  section 
was  destroyed  and  the  value  of  wheat  lands  dropped 
40  per  cent,  in  value. 

Nowadays  such  a  calamity  would  not  be  likely 
to  occur.  The  United  States  Department  of  Agri- 
culture has  done,  and  is  doing,  wonderful  work  to 
educate  the  farmer  regarding  every  sort  of  enemy 
pest.  The  People's  Home  Journal,  through  its 
Green  Meadow  Club,  has  influenced  millions  of 
families  in  large  and  small  cities  to  protect  and 
encourage  bird  life  as  a  vital  measure  for  the  pro- 
tection of  growing  food. 

When  Old  Man  Jones  and  his  friends  visited  the 
Country  Fair  last  fall,  they  felt  the  educational  influ- 
ence of  the  Green  Meadow  Club.    Brother  Wright, 


H 


the  pastor  of  their  home  church,  busy  as  a  politi- 
cian, was  making  speeches  and  passing  small  slips  of 
paper  among  the  men  and  women,  explaining  to 
them  the  value  of  birds  as  the  natural  enemies  of 
food-destrovino-  insects. 

"  I  want  you,"  said  Brother  Wright,  "  to  sign 
these  pledges  for  Bird  Sanctuaries,  not  because  I 
am  interested  in  the  work  ol  the  Green  Meadow- 
Club  but  because  it  is  a  good  thing." 

And  before  Jones  and  his  friends  had  time  to 
close  their  surprised  mouths,  or  explain  that  thev 
didn't  just  "  get  "  that  there  what-do-vou-call-it  bird 
sane-something,  Brother  Wright  began  to  shoot  a 
fusillade  of  facts  which  proved  him  to  be  almost  as 
well-informed  a  naturalist  as  he  was  a  student  of  the 
Bible. 

He  talked  straight  economy,  not  sentimentalism. 
He  explained  that  if  the  farmers'  land  were  kept  as 
a  sanctuary — place  of  safety,  of  refuge — for  wild  birds, 
and  all  farm  shotguns  used  for  bonfires,  the  chances 
of  loss  through  insect  pests  would  be  reduced  one- 
third.  The  farmhands  miirht  have  to  eat  hshballs 
or  corned-beef  hash  for  breakfast  instead  of  little 
birds,  but  the  wheat  and  corn  would  be  sturdier. 


*5 


You  have  to  talk  facts  to  a  farmer. 

"The  government,"  you  must  tell  him,  "in  a 
series  of  scientific  experiments,  examined  the  stom- 
achs of  thousands  of  wild  birds.  In  one  wood- 
pecker were  found  thirty-four  caterpillar  grubs  of 
the  sort  that  ruin  fruit  trees.  As  bird  heart-action 
and  bird-temperature  are  almost  twice  as  high  as 
similar  human  functions,  birds  have  to  eat  constantly 
to  keep  their  calories  up  and  their  tiny  physical 
engines  going  strong.  Take  the  back  of  an  old 
envelope  and  figure  out  the  army  of  caterpillars  one 
healthy  woodpecker  gets  away  with  every  day,  at 
the  rate  of  thirty-four  every  four  or  five  hours! 

"One  little  cedar  waxwing,"  you  continue,  not- 
ing that  the  farmers'  mouths  are  now  closed  and 
their  eyes  and  ears  open,  "  was  found  to  have  de- 
voured a  hundred  cankerworms.  A  flicker  ate  200 
chinch  bugs,  a  nighthawk  1,800  winged  ants,  a 
Marvland  yellowthroat  was  comfortably  digesting 
3,500  plant  lice.  An  ordinary  Jenny  Wren  had 
gotten  away  with  102  ants.  A  scarlet  tanager  had 
consumed  630  gypsy-moth  caterpillars.  And  so 
forth.     And  so  forth." 

Brother  Wright,  finding  this  argument  taking 
hold  well,  submitted  the  fact,  not  generally  known, 
that  in  addition  to  their  insect-dinners,  many  com- 
mon wild  birds  are  enormous  consumers  ol  noxious 
weed  seeds.  A  snow  bunting  was  found  to  have 
gobbled  800  pigeonweed  seeds  at  a  single  banquet. 


16 


A  bobwhite  had  stowed  away  5,000  more  of  the 
same  variety.  A  mourning  dove  was  not  too  sad 
to  eat  70OO  seeds  of  the  yellow  sorrel  as  one  day's 

ration. 

There  are  465  species  of  wild  birds  that  inhabit 
ordinary  gardens  everywhere,  from  city  backyards 
to  the  rive-thousand-acre  "bonanza"  wheat-farms 
of  the  Northwest.  These  birds  are  no  Hooverizers. 
Thev  eat  and  they  eat;  then  fly  and  fly;  then  eat 
some  more. 

The  rubythroated  hummingbird,  an  inch  long 
and  wei<rhin<r  one-tenth  of  an  ounce,  spends  its  win- 
ters  in  South  America.  It  leaves  New  Jersey,  say, 
on  a  certain  morning,  makes  300  miles  or  so,  at  the 
speed  of  an  airplane  —  and  stops  for  lunch,  eating 
several  times  its  own  weight  in  an  hour  or  so.  Its 
afternoon  schedule  is  about  the  same.  When  it  reaches 
the  west  coast  of  Florida,  it  spends  practically  all 
dav  stoking  its  tiny  body  with  food  in  preparation 
for  the  seven-hundred-mile  flight  across  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  which  it  makes  always  at  night.  It  would 
be  a  pity  to  kill  or  frighten  away  a  rubythroat,  so 
little  and  so  lovely  —  and  so  useful  as  a  snare  of 
naughty  bugs. 

Brother  Wright  had  no  difficulty  in  convincing 
Farmers  Jones,  Smith  and  Robinson  that  if  the  fly- 
catcher, the  meadow  lark,  the  swift,  the  swallow 
and  the  nighthawk  had  been  more  hospitably  re- 
ceived  among  their  fields  and  groves,  the  Hessian 


17 


Flies  would  not  have  spent  such  a  pleasant  summer 
in  the  wheat  gardens. 

Before  the  good  man  had  finished  his  summer's 
campaigning,  Sanctuary  notices  were  posted  not 
only  upon  their  land,  hut  on  every  piece  of  wooded 
land  for  miles  around.  Today  every  hird  is  safe  on 
those  broad  acres,  and  not  a  marauding  shot  is 
heard  from  dawning  spring  to  harvest  time. 

So  effective  was  the  Journal's  campaign  for  Bird 
Sanctuaries,  and  so  widespread  the  result,  that  the 
trustees  of  the  Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection 
Fund  offered  one  of  its  valuable  gold  medals  as  a 
special  impetus  to  this  vast  and  benevolent  cause. 

At  the  close  of  the  campaign  in  October,  191  8, 
Dr.  William  T.  Hornaday,  managing  director  of  the 
Fund,  decided  that  no  less  than  four  medals  could 
do  justice  to  the  efforts  put  forth  by  the  Journal 
readers.  Particulars  of  these  special  awards  are  given 
elsewhere  in  this  book. 

Now  that  the  war  is  over,  we  must  remain  the 
thrifty  nation  that  the  war  has  taught  us  to  be.  The 
hard  experience  of  Farmer  Jones,  out  Indiana  way, 
can  be  made  to  serve  other  Joneses  everywhere,  and 
their  friends  and  neighbors,  their  farmhands — and 
even  the  little  Joneses. 

The  Jones'  children  might  not  be  impressed  by 
the  statement  of  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  that  "  in  a  single  year  nearly  two  bil- 
lion dollars  worth  of  crops  were  ruined  by  insects," 


18 


or  that  "one-tenth  of  all  our  cereals,  hay,  cotton, 
tobacco  and  general  farm  products  is  the  yearly 
tax  levied  by  insects  on  our  farms  and  gardens," 
but  they  will  gurgle  with  delight  to  know  that  their 
own  little  gardens  can  be  made  to  thrive  and  smile 
and  give  forth  more  lettuce  and  leeks  and  merry 
marigolds  if  "bird  apartment  houses"  are  put  up 
here  and  there,  and  everything  done  to  encourage 
bird  families  to  move  in  and  make  themselves  at 
home. 


I  am  very  glad  to  learn  of  the  good  work  that  you  are 
doing  in  establishing  bird  sanctuaries  through  the  medium  of 
the  Green  Meadow  Club.  Sanctuaries  furnish  one  of  the 
best  means  of  increasing  the  numbers  of  some  of  our  com- 
mon birds,  and  are  especially  important  in  the  more  thickly 
settled  States.  Their  value  is  not  measured  bv  size  but  by 
the  opportunities  which  thev  afford  birds  to  escape  pursuit 
and  to  find  proper  food  and  nesting  sites.  I  trust  that  you 
will  be  successful  in  your  efforts  to  establish  these  sanc- 
tuaries in  many  parts  of  the  country. 

Yerv  truly  vours, 

T.  S.  Palmer, 

Assistant  Chief,   Bureau  of  Biological  Suri 

U.   S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


19 


Treacher*  Does  ^Missionary  Work 
among  the  ^^Mountaineers 

IN  many  of  the  Southern  States  the  observance  of 
bird  protective  laws  is  notoriously  lax  and  the 
killing  of  song  birds  goes  unchecked  in  hundreds 
of  communities.  The  work,  therefore,  of  the  Rev- 
erend Harold  E.  Mouse,  of  Elkins,  West  Virginia, 
stands  out  conspicuously.  Through  the  mountainous 
counties,  where  game  laws  are  lax  and  the  inhabi- 
tants not  cordial  to  any  infringement  of  their  shoot- 
ing privilege,  went  Mr.  Mouse,  explaining,  plead- 
ing, arguing.  He  met  great  opposition,  despite 
which  he  secured  128  Sanctuaries  with  a  total  area 
of  65,268  acres!  His  letter  is  interesting,  showing 
how  he  started  the  efforts  that  led  to  his  being 
awarded  one  of  the  gold  sanctuary  medals: 

I  knew  at  the  start  my  Sanctuary  work  would  be 
entirely  missionary,  so,  before  I  made  my  personal 
tour  of  the  state,  I  procured  and  circulated  thirteen 
thousand  descriptive  bird-picture  sets  to  an  equal 
number  of  persons.  That  seems  to  have  been  the 
foundation  for  my  success.  The  way  I  managed  it  I 
had  very  few  objectors.  As  you  will  perhaps  know, 
the  mountaineer  with  whom  I  had  largely  to  deal, 
was  slow  to  give  up  his  rifle,  but  after  he  became 
educated  to  the  fact  that  the  birds  are  among  his 
greatest  assets,  he  became  a  willing  worker.  The 
twenty-five  or  thirty  objectors  I  had  small  success  in 
winning  over  were  largely  uneducated. 


20 


About  all  I  could  do  with  them  was  to  give  them 
as  good  and  as  kind  an  argument  as  possible,  and 
leave  with  them  my  most  convincing  bird  literature — 
praying  in  my  heart,  as  I  went,  that  the  Creator  of 
bird  life  as  well  as  human  life  would  be  kind  enough 
to  give  them  just  common  sense. 

I  believe  if  more  magazines  would  follow  the  ex- 
ample of  The  People's  Home  Journal  in  helping 
educate  the  people  to  protect  our  song  birds,  we 
would  have  better  laws  and,  as  a  rule,  a  better  class 
of  people.  I  believe  if  there  is  one  cause  above  an- 
other beneath  God's  bended  blue,  aside  from  the 
salvation  of  mankind,  that  needs  the  force  of  the  press, 
it  is  the  protection  of  our  wild  life. 

Harold  E.  Mouse,  Elkins,  W.  Va. 


STATE  WOMEN'S    PRESS   CLUB    OF    OREGON 

Portland,  Oregon 
The  People's  Home  Journal 

I  am  exceedingly  interested  in  the  work  ot  your 
Green  Meadow  Club  for  Bird  Sanctuaries  and  Bird 
Mess  Halls.  It  is  a  capital  movement  and  I  would 
like  to  help  develop  it  in  this  State.  I  write  to  ask  if 
vou  will  send  me  copies  of  magazines  that  tell  about 
the  movement  and  give  me  permission  to  use  extracts 
giving  due  credit  of  course  to  The  People's  Home 
Journal.  We  are  intending  to  print  some  leaflets 
on  the  subject  for  distribution  amongst  some  thou- 
sands of  children  to  push  along  the  Sanctuary  idea. 

I  am,  cordially  yours, 
(Signed)  Lucia  F.  Additon,  President 


21 


///  Su?rny  Saskatchewan 
cRanch  Owners  Were  Converted 

OUT  in  the  great  Northwest,  where  man's  success 
is  largely  a  matter  of  conquering  the  opposing 
forces  of  nature,  where  hardships  are  many,  shot- 
guns always  in  fashion,  and  moving-picture  thrill- 
ers a  part  of  everyday  life,  lives  George  L.  L.  de 
St.  Remy,  ranchman,  of  Saskatchewan,  Canada. 
Mr.  St.  Remy's  home  is  at  High  Point,  twenty- 
five  miles  from  any  town,  three  miles  from  a  post 
office,  fifteen  miles  from  a  store  and  six  miles  from 
a  school  or  meeting-house!  His  work  for  Bird 
Sanctuaries  has  been  red-blooded  and  strenuous — a 
real  man's  job.  In  a  country  where  wild-game 
hunting  is  the  order  of  the  day,  he  secured  52,425 
acres  of  Sanctuary  land.  His  own  letter  best  tells 
the  story : 

During  my  campaign  I  traveled  many  hundreds 
of  miles  and  addressed  many  gatherings  of  farmers 
while  they  ate  their  meals  in  restaurants  and  hotels. 
I  examined  the  soil  in  many  places,  and  where  the 
land  was  a  heavy  clay,  I  found  that  the  cutworm  and 
wireworm  caused  enormous  loss  in  a  wet,  late  spring 
by  attacking  the  germinating  seeds.  If  the  farmer 
had  to  sow  his  crop  twice  on  this  account,  he  was 
pretty  sure  to  sign  up  for  a  Sanctuary'when  the  facts 
were  pointed  out  to  him. 

Some  signers  had  bitter  experience  with  the  Hes- 
sian fly,  and  were  delighted  to  know  that  the  Green 


22 


Meadow  Club  was  taking  active  steps  to  eradicate 
this  pest.  I  found  many  owners  of  the  ranch  areas 
bitterly  antagonistic.  Having  no  crops  at  stake  they 
invited  shooting  and  hunting  by  city  folk  who  came 
out  tor  the  sport,  and  they  were  against  Sanctuaries. 
Great  help  is  given  by  the  propaganda  of  the 
Green  Meadow  Club,  and  I  wish  I  were  financially 
able  to  devote  my  whole  time  to  your  noble  enter- 
prise as  no  better  work  can  be  undertaken  in  a  new 
country  where  most  people  are  not  educated  to 
the  necessity  of  protecting  the  birds  —  their  best 
friends — in  the  absence  of  sufficient  legislation. 

George  L.  L.  de  St.  Remy, 

High  Point,  Sask. 


Eighty-three  Dead  'T^obins  in  One  "Bag 

Vigorous  measures  should  be  adopted  to  stop 
the  depredations  of  that  element  among  our  popu- 
lation who  persist  in  the  killing  of  song  and 
insectivorous  birds.  When  the  early  bird  goes  out 
to  catch  the  worm  the  early  brigand  goes  out  to 
shoot  the  bird.  Chief  offenders  seem  to  be  the 
foreign  born  residents  who  prey  particularly  on 
robins,  blackbirds  and  waxwings.  At  Marlboro, 
Ulster  Co.,  an  Italian  was  recently  found  with  S  : 
robins  and  2  cedar  waxwings  in  his  bag  as  a  result 
of  one  morning's  work.  It  is  no  uncommon  sight 
in  the  suburbs  of  our  cities  or  out  in  the  rural 
districts  to  see  foreign  residents  in  the  woods  and 
fields  gunning  for  birds. —  Harry  D.  Hoffman  in 
N.  Y.  Sun,  May  4,  1919. 


23 


"Journeying  on  Horseback 
a  <^Mo?ita?ia  Girl  Wins  Distinction 

IN  the  mountains  of  Montana,  where  cultivating 
crops  is  a  matter  of  hard  work  with  the  pre- 
liminary of  irrigation,  a  fourteen-year-old  girl, 
Mira  Hunt,  of  King,  near  the  Canadian  border, 
has  won  a  Permanent  Wild  Life  Protection  Fund 
medal  by  whole-hearted  campaigning  of  which 
The  People's  Home  Journal  is  very  proud. 

No  praise  is  too  great  for  the  boy  or  girl  mem- 
ber of  the  Green  Meadow  Club  who  takes  up  the 
cause  of  Bird  Sanctuaries.  In  the  big  West,  where 
it  takes  half  a  day's  journey  "to  get  anywhere  at 
all,"  and  the  business  of  getting  about  involves  many 
a  tussle  with  nature  and  many  a  test  of  strength, 
one  bends  the  knee  to  the  youngster  who  has  grit 
enough  to  tackle  the  job.  Miss  Hunt's  letter  has 
a  wealth  of  word  painting  all  its  own.    Here  it  is: 

I  live  on  a  homestead  one  mile  from  Canada,  be- 
tween the  Milk  River  and  the  Sweet  Grass  Hills, 
part  of  the  Rockies.  As  the  people  out  here  live 
quite  a  distance  apart,  I  traveled  over  a  great  many 
miles  to  get  my  pledges  signed.  I  went  horseback 
to  the  Milk  River  Valley  to  get  signers.  Then  papa 
took  me  to  the  Sweet  Grass  Hills  in  the  car,  which 
was  about  eighty  miles  the  round  trip.  I  also  went 
to  several  farmers'  meetings  and  the  Red  Cross. 
Almost  every  person  was  willing  to  sign,  and  some 
were  anxious  to  when  they  knew  what  the  pledges 


24 


were  for.  But  a  few  objected.  ( )ne  man  in  particular 
would  not  sign  because  the  birds  ate  his  berries  one 
year.  He  had  only  a  few,  but  the  birds  got  them, 
and  he  is  still  grieving  about  it.  I  talked  and  ex- 
plained for  half  an  hour,  but  couldn't  convince  him 
it  was  for  the  best.  I  could  have  gotten  several  more 
ranch  signers  if  it  had  not  been  for  our  school  in  the 
summer.  As  a  member  of  the  Green  Meadow  Club 
I  was  anxious  to  do  my  part  in  this  valuable  war- 
time work  for  our  country,  to  help  feed  our  Allies. 

Mira  Hunt,  King,  Montana. 


Hon  One  School  Is  Helping  the  Birds 

SIXTEEN-ACRES  SCHOOL 

Springfield,  Mass. 

Your  splendid  work  for  bird  life  conservation 
has  been  an  inspiration  to  us.  If  the  birds  have  a 
chance  they  will  work  themselves  into  the  hearts  of 
our  boys  and  girls  and  stay  there.  We  find  that 
landowners  never  refuse  to  help  children  who  really 
love  birds.  Whole  communities  feel  kindlier  toward 
our  feathered  friends.  During  the  past  five  years  we 
have  maintained  a  bird  hospital  at  our  school  and 
have  had  the  pleasure  of  saving  more  than  a 
thousand  birds  that  otherwise  would  have  been  lost. 

(Signed)  Mary  E.  Coburn,  Teacher. 

THIS  SCHOOL  LAST  YEAR  SECURED  PLEDGES  FOR  l6,OI  I 
ACRES  FOR  BIRD  SANCTUARIES.  EVERY  SCHOOL  IN 
THE  COUNTRY  SHOULD  UNITE  IN  THIS  GREAT  PATRI- 
OTIC  WORK   OF   BIRD   CONSERVATION. 


25 


This  Eastern  Clergy  ??ian 
^Aroused  the  Farmers 

REV.  J.  J.  RESH,  of  Freeland,  Pennsylvania,  devoted 
>  a  whole  summer's  work  to  the  campaign  for 
Sanctuaries,  securing  a  total  of  87  Sanctuaries  com- 
prising 72,932  acres.  He  graphically  describes  his 
operations  in  the  following  letter  : 

When  the  war  broke  loose  on  the  world,  I  was 
convinced  that  the  conservation  of  food  would  plav 
a  large  part  in  winning  the  war.  The  People's  Home 
Journal  called  mv  attention  to  this  matter  in  a  very 
definite  way  by  offering  to  send,  free,  Sanctuary  no- 
tices to  all  who  would  agree  to  post  them  and  take 
care  of  the  birds  in  every  possible  way. 

The  data  regarding  the  food  the  various  birds  con- 
sumed, was  very  convincing.  It  showed  very  clearly 
that  the  insects  the  birds  ate  were  the  very  insects  that 
destroyed  the  crops.  This  appealed  to  my  patriotism. 

When  I  saw  a  farmer  who  had  come  to  town  to 
sell  produce,  I  would  ask  him  about  his  crops.  Then 
I  told  him  of  the  Green  Meadow  Club  Bird  Sanc- 
tuary plan.  Many  farmers  would  respond  immedi- 
ately. Some  would  hesitate  because  they  were  fond 
of  hunting  birds. 

I  gave  several  addresses  at  local  fairs  and  pic- 
nics in  the  country.  I  talked  about  some  things  per- 
tinent to  the  occasion,  then  introduced  the  matter 
of  bird  protection,  reciting  your  editorial  facts,  and 
said  if  there  were  anv  present  who  were  interested  I 
would  be  glad  to  confer  with  them  before  I  left  the 


grounds.  I  had  my  pledges  ready.  They  came  and 
signed  up  so  fast  and  so  many  that  I  ran  short  of 
pledges.  I  want  to  say  that  the  people  are  open  to 
conviction,  and  the  Journal  has  done  wonderful 
work  to  educate  the  people  as  to  the  value  of  bird 
protection. 

J.  J.  Resh,  Freeland,  Pennsylvania. 


The  fight  against  devouring  insects  is  a  fight  against 
famine  and  starvation.  There  can  be  no  let-up  or 
the  face  of  nature  will  eventually  be  blotted  out 
and  the  world  go  without  food.  To  hold  the 
marauding  horde  in  even  partial  check  is  now 
wasting  a  large  part  of  human  effort  and  it  would 
be  an  utterly  hopeless  combat  were  it  not  for  the 
tireless  efforts  of  our  birds. 

F.  L.  Washburn,  Entomologist. 

U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


Of  all  our  birds  none  offers  a  better  or  more 
useful  record  than  the  humble  bobwhite.  He  is 
entirely  beneficial  in  every  habit  and  does  abso- 
lutely no  harm.  Resident  with  us  all  the  year 
round,  he  lives  on  145  species  of  insects  during  the 
summer  and  lives  on  harmful  weed  seeds  in  the 
winter.  Every  farmer  should  do  everything  in  his 
power  to  protect  and  encourage  this  most  useful 
oi   birds. 


27 


\A?iot/ier  Gfirl  Who  Did  Valiant  Work 

LrTLE  marjorie  lloyd  of  Antigo,  Wisconsin 
secured  more  than  ioo  pledges,  embracing  in 
all  nearly  ten  thousand  acres,  and  this  under  cir- 
cumstances that  indicate  she  has  the  true  spirit  of 
young  America  and  is  a  worthy  member  of  the 
Green  Meadow  Club.  Extracts  from  her  inter- 
esting letter  follow  : 

In  obtaining  my  pledges  I  walked  in  all  about  50 
miles.  One  accident  occurred  which  put  me  back  a 
little.  I  was  bit  by  a  dog  who  left  the  mark  of  five 
teeth  in  the  front  of  my  leg,  but  I  got  over  that 
nicely  only  it  made  me  a  little  afraid  of  other  dogs. 
One  day  I  made  three  trips  with  father  in  the  big 
wagon  to  Doering,  and  he  would  stop  and  wait 
while  I  went  into  the  houses  along  the  road,  and  I 
got  seven  pledges  signed  that  day.  One  day  I 
rode  seven  miles  with  the  mail  carrier  and  walked 
back  stopping  at  each  house  on  the  way.  You  see 
we  live  fourteen  miles  from  town  and  I  had  to 
cover  quite  a  little  ground  in  getting  around.  The 
work  has  been  a  real  pleasure  and  a  pleasant  pastime 
and  besides  helping  the  birds,  I  felt  I  was  doing  a 
very  little  bit  towards  my  country.  We  all  want 
to  do  patriotic  things. 


YOUR  SCHEME  FOR  BIRD  SANCTUARIES  THROUGHOUT  THE 
COUNTRY  SEEMS  TO  BE  A  GOOD  MOVE.  I  HEARTILY  APPROVE 
OF  ANY   PLAN  WHICH  HAS  FOR  ITS  OBJECT  THE    PROTECTION 

of  our  birds. — John  Burroughs. 


28 


Food  for  'Thought 

In  the  United  States  Biological  Laboratory  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  it  was  found  that  the  stomach  of  a 
cedar  waxwing  (cherry  bird)  contained  over  ioo 
canker  worms  while  that  of  a  scarlet  tanager  con- 
tained by  actual  count  630  gypsy  moth  caterpillars 
and  a  nighthawk  was  found  to  have  consumed 
600  mosquitos. 

If  birds  should   disappear,   the  plagues  of    Egypt 

would    again    be    spread    broadcast    on  the  earth. 

Weeds  would  multiply  a  thousand  fold  and  whole 

countrysides  would    be    devastated    by  devouring 

insects  before  human  ingenuity  could  devise  an 
effectual  remedy  against  the  pests. 


Not  only  do  the  birds  destroy  the  mature  insects 
but  they  also  devour  the  larva?  and  thereby  destroy 
the  eggs.  Their  services  in  this  respect  are  beyond 
calculation.  As  consumers  of  weed  seeds  also  thev 
annually  save  farmers  and  gardeners  an  enormous 
sum  of  money  that  would  otherwise  have  to  be 
spent  in  eliminating  weeds.  Dr.  Judd,  a  famous 
entomologist,  one  time  watched  about  525  birds 
eating  weed  seeds  on  a  Maryland  truck  farm.  He 
estimated  that  they  consumed  not  less  than  46,000 
seeds  for  that  single  breakfast. 


29 


Thousands  of  Willing  Workers  Were  Found 
among  School  Teachers  and  Pupils 

TO  all  who  took  part  in  the  Sanctuary  Campaign 
everywhere,  under  the  leadership  of  the  Journal, 
high  tribute  is  due.  Many  schools  took  up  the  work 
enthusiastically  and  accomplished  much.  Thousands  of 
workers  joined  hands  with  the  Green  Meadow  Club 
and  made  its  efforts  their  own.  These  efforts  have  reached 
far  and  borne  good  fruit.  Due  recognition  has  been  given 
in  the  pages  of  the  Journal.  In  addition  to  the  Gold 
Medals  awarded,  the  trustees  of  the  Permanent  Wild 
Life  Protection  Fund  have  presented  "  Certificates  of 
Valuable  Service"  to  those  whose  names  here  follow  : 

i.    Sixteen-Acre  School,  Springfield,  Massachusetts, 

for  1 08  Sanctuaries  comprising  16,011  acres. 

2.  Marjorie  Lloyd,  Antigo,  Wisconsin, 

for  100   Sanctuaries  comprising   9,391    acres. 

3.  George  Horton,  Dvvight,  Illinois, 

for  87   Sanctuaries  comprising   13,820  acres. 

4.  George  Stevens,  Ogerna,  Wisconsin, 

for    66   Sanctuaries  comprising   7,204  acres. 

5.  Cantrall  School,  Cantrall,  Illinois, 

for  54  Sanctuaries  comprising    14,402   acres. 

6.  Flora  Whitfield,  Raton,  New  Mexico, 

for  24  Sanctuaries  comprising  139,090  acres. 

7.  Joseph  B.  Woodward,  Brownfield,  Texas, 

for  14  Sanctuaries  comprising   53,071  acres. 


30 


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31 


V\[early  a  ^Million  Acres 

PLEDGED  IN  NINETEEN-EIGHTEEN   FOR  SANCTUARIES 
AS  A   RESULT  OF  THE  JOURNAL'S  EFFORTS 

ACRES 
236 

500 

4,4s1 
I3,99I 

"i95a 

22 

21,531 

83,714 
239 

436 
18,901 

5,182 

82,553 
1,505 

6,501 
220 

2,°53 
1 1,067 

20 

4,55° 
49,283 

6,006 
4J,997 
i7,39i 

7,3^5 

3*,739 
6,424 
9,698 

11,123 
6,136 

34,365 

6,°53 

97,249 

2,520 

1,280 

20,091 

3J,396 

480 

66,771 

9,687 

16,933 

i,737 

941 

392 
16,429 

53,695 
933,591 


STATE 

SANCTUARIES 

Maine 

3 

New  Hampshire 

2 

Vermont 

27 

Massachusetts 

117 

Connecticut 

7 

Rhode  Island 

4 

New  York 

246 

Pennsylvania 

192 

New  Jersey 

26 

Delaware 

15 

Maryland 

160 

Virginia 

43 

West  Virginia 

242 

North  Carolina 

17 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

37 

Florida 

4 

Alabama 

28 

Mississippi 

21 

Louisiana 

1 

Tennessee 

47 

Kentucky 

277 

Ohio 

74 

Illinois 

218 

Indiana 

168 

Michigan 

97 

Wisconsin 

317 

Minnesota 

44 

Iowa 

33 

Missouri 

67 

Kansas 

65 

Oklahoma 

120 

Arkansas 

35 

Texas 

96 

North  Dakota 

8 

South  Dakota 

8 

Nebraska 

45 

Colorado 

38 

Wyoming 

1 

Montana 

JI3 

Idaho 

26 

Utah 

69 

Washington 

42 

Oregon 

22 

California 

4 

New  Mexico 

28 

Canada 

119 

TOTAL 

3,337 

32 


2  61967 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

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on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


• 

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Pf?7m!To  M7fl°                              University  of  California 
(1 7763810)476                                                Berkeley 

